What it argues
Ashlee Vance's biography of Elon Musk is the most comprehensive account of Musk's life and companies up to 2015, written with Musk's cooperation after an initial refusal and a long negotiation. The result is a portrait of a man who appears to function differently from most human beings — more willing to absorb personal and financial risk, more indifferent to others' comfort, and more genuinely convinced that the largest problems humanity faces (climate change, the multiplanetary future) are solvable by the right companies.
Vance traces Musk from his isolated, brutal childhood in apartheid-era South Africa, through his arrival in Canada with almost no money, through Zip2, PayPal, and into the twin bets on SpaceX and Tesla that nearly destroyed both companies and his entire personal fortune simultaneously in 2008. The 2008 near-collapse — SpaceX's first three rockets failed; Tesla was running out of cash; Musk was losing sleep and borrowing money from friends to make rent — is the dramatic center of the book. The double survival that followed shaped how Musk talks about risk and mission.
What it gets right
- 1.
Musk's approach to impossible problems starts with physics: what does the law of nature actually allow, and how far is the current cost from that theoretical minimum?
- 2.
SpaceX's survival in 2008, when three consecutive rocket failures nearly ended the company, was a function of having enough runway — financial and psychological — to absorb catastrophic setbacks.
- 3.
Vertical integration was SpaceX's competitive weapon. By building components that other aerospace companies outsourced, Musk could cut costs by orders of magnitude.
What it covers
Who wrote it
Ashlee Vance is an American journalist and author who has covered Silicon Valley and the technology industry for over two decades, including for Bloomberg Businessweek, The New York Times, and The Economist. He is the author of several books and has reported extensively on the intersection of entrepreneurship, engineering, and large-scale ambition. His biography of Musk was the result of more than forty interviews with Musk and hundreds more with people who worked alongside him. Vance lives in the San Francisco Bay Area.