Gut by Giulia Enders
Gut by Giulia Enders

Science · 2015

Gut review

by Giulia Enders

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The verdict

Giulia Enders wrote Gut while studying medicine, and the book shows: it is both scientifically informed and written with an enthusiasm that has clearly not yet been worn down by clinical routine.

Best for readers comfortable with technical depth. Reading time: 4h 20m.

Gut by Giulia Enders
Gut by Giulia Enders

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What it argues

Giulia Enders wrote Gut while studying medicine, and the book shows: it is both scientifically informed and written with an enthusiasm that has clearly not yet been worn down by clinical routine. The subject is digestion — how food moves through the body, what the gut actually does, and why the thirty feet of tubing we carry around deserve more attention than they typically get.

Enders covers the mechanics of digestion in satisfying detail: the two-sphincter system, the enteric nervous system (the "second brain" that allows the gut to operate largely independently of the central nervous system), and the complex orchestration of hormones, nerves, and bacteria that govern how nutrients are absorbed and waste is expelled. She is particularly good at defamiliarizing things the reader thinks they understand — explaining, for instance, why constipation and diarrhea are not opposite problems requiring opposite solutions, or why the angle at which one sits on a toilet actually matters.

What it gets right

  1. 1.

    The gut has its own nervous system — the enteric nervous system — with more nerve cells than the spinal cord. It communicates with the brain bidirectionally, which helps explain why gut health and mental health are linked.

  2. 2.

    The microbiome is individual: the specific community of bacteria in your gut is shaped by your birth, early diet, antibiotic history, and environment, and no two people's are the same.

  3. 3.

    Digestion begins in the mouth and is far more chemically complex than the simple acid-bath story taught in school. Different sections of the gut specialize in different phases of the process.

What it covers

Who wrote it

Giulia Enders is a German physician and researcher who wrote Gut while completing her medical training. The book became an international bestseller, translated into more than forty languages, after an earlier version of her talk on digestion went viral at Science Slam Berlin. Her subsequent research has focused on the microbiome and its connections to mental health. She is based in Germany, where she works as a gastroenterologist and scientist.

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